Databases

SQLMap Overview SQLMap is an open source penetration testing tool written in Python that automates SQL injection detection and exploitation. It connects to a target, probes parameters, fingerprints the back-end DBMS, and then enumerates data or attempts deeper impact. The tool is designed to speed up SQLi workflows while still providing the evidence you need for reporting. SQLMap covers the full exploitation chain in one interface. It can enumerate databases, tables, columns, and users, extract data, and even interact with the file system when the DBMS allows it. It also has features for proxying traffic, adjusting risk, and bypassing common defenses. ...

Introduction SQL injection (SQLi) happens when user input changes the final SQL query sent by a web application. The impact ranges from reading sensitive data to modifying records or writing files on the server. This guide merges database basics with practical SQLi techniques and commands so you can connect theory to hands-on exploitation. Database Foundations Modern web applications rely on databases to store content, user data, and configuration. Understanding DBMS structure and query behavior helps you predict how an injection point will behave and which payloads are likely to work. It also helps you distinguish between relational and non-relational systems when fingerprinting the backend. ...

Service Attacks Overview Attacking common services is about understanding how organizations expose file sharing, databases, remote access, and email workflows. These services often sit on predictable ports and accept standard authentication methods, which makes them ideal targets during exploitation. The goal is to validate access, enumerate data, and identify misconfigurations that expose sensitive information. A clean workflow documents what you tested, how you authenticated, and what the impact is. Most service attacks follow the same pattern: identify the service, test authentication and permissions, then pivot to protocol specific abuse. If you can list shares, execute queries, or establish remote sessions, you can usually expand into credential harvesting or lateral movement. Many attacks are not exotic, they are simply weak credentials or unsafe defaults. This is why strong enumeration and careful validation matter more than running random exploits. ...